php 内置函数提供了发送和接收电子邮件的功能。发送电子邮件需指定收件人、邮件主题、邮件内容和首部信息，使用 mail() 函数发送。接收电子邮件需打开邮箱连接，获取消息，并使用 pop3_get_all() 函数获取全部消息。更复杂的应用场景中，还可以发送带有附件的电子邮件，通过指定 multipart/mixed 内容类型并附加文件来实现。
如何使用 PHP 内置函数发送和接收电子邮件
PHP 提供了一系列内置函数，用于向远程服务器发送和接收电子邮件。本文将指导您如何使用这些函数来构建一个基本的电子邮件处理程序。
发送电子邮件
<?php
// 设置邮件参数
$to = 'recipient@example.com';
$subject = 'Test Email';
$message = 'Hello there! This is a test email.';
$headers = "From: sender@example.com/r/n";
$headers .= "Reply-To: sender@example.com/r/n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0/r/n";
$headers .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8/r/n";
// 发送邮件
if (mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers)) {
echo "Email sent successfully.";
} else {
echo "Email could not be sent.";
}
?>
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接收电子邮件
<?php
// 检查邮件
$mailbox = pop3_open('{pop.example.com:110}INBOX', 'username', 'password');
// 读取消息
$messages = pop3_get_all($mailbox);
// 输出消息
foreach ($messages as $message) {
echo 'From: ' . $message['from'] . PHP_EOL;
echo 'Subject: ' . $message['subject'] . PHP_EOL;
echo 'Body: ' . $message['body'] . PHP_EOL;
echo '-----------------------' . PHP_EOL;
}
// 关闭邮箱连接
pop3_close($mailbox);
?>
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实战案例
<?php
// 发送带有附件的电子邮件
$to = 'recipient@example.com';
$subject = 'Email with Attachment';
$message = 'Please find the attached document for your review.';
$attachment = 'document.pdf';
$headers = "From: sender@example.com/r/n";
$headers .= "Reply-To: sender@example.com/r/n";
$headers .= "MIME-Version: 1.0/r/n";
$headers .= "Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=/"==BOUNDARY==/"/r/n";
$headers .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit/r/n";
// 准备邮件正文
$body = "This is a MIME encoded message./r/n/r/n";
$body .= "--==BOUNDARY==/r/n";
$body .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=/"UTF-8/"/r/n";
$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit/r/n/r/n";
$body .= $message . "/r/n";
// 附加文件
$body .= "--==BOUNDARY==/r/n";
$body .= "Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name=/"" . basename($attachment) . "/"/r/n";
$body .= "Content-Disposition: attachment/r/n";
$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64/r/n/r/n";
$body .= chunk_split(base64_encode(file_get_contents($attachment))) . "/r/n";
// 发送电子邮件
if (mail($to, $subject, $body, $headers)) {
echo "Email with attachment sent successfully.";
} else {
echo "Email could not be sent.";
}
?>
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